Dynamic intelligent bidirectional optical access communication system with object/intelligent appliance-to-object/intelligent appliance interaction

ABSTRACT

Reduced Rayleigh backscattering effect enables a longer-reach optical access communication network-thus it eliminates significant costs. Furthermore, a wavelength to an intelligent subscriber subsystem can be dynamically varied for bandwidth on-Demand and service on-Demand. A software module renders intelligence (and context awareness) to a subscriber subsystem and an appliance. An object can sense/measure/collect/aggregate/compare/map and connect/couple/interact (via one or more or all electrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensor communication network(s) within and/or to and/or from an object) with another object, an intelligent subscriber subsystem and an intelligent appliance utilizing an Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and its subsequent versions. 
     A construction of a near-field communication (NFC) enabled intelligent micro-subsystem and/or intelligent appliance with key applications (e.g., an intelligent, location based and personalized social network and an intelligent, location based and personalized direct and peer-to-peer marketing) are also described.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of now pendingU.S. non-provisional patent application entitled “Portable InternetAppliance”, Ser. No. 12/238,286 filed on Sep. 25, 2008, and is acontinuation-in-part (CIP) of U.S. non-provisional patent applicationentitled “Dynamic Intelligent Bidirectional Optical and Wireless AccessCommunication System”, Ser. No. 11/952,001 filed on Dec. 6, 2007, whichissued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,073,331, which claims the benefit of priorityto U.S. provisional patent application entitled “Dynamic IntelligentBidirectional Optical Access Communication System WithObject/Intelligent Appliance-To-Object/Intelligent ApplianceInteraction”, Ser. No. 61/404,504 filed on Oct. 5, 2010, U.S.provisional patent application entitled “Intelligent Internet Device”,Ser. No. 60/970,487 filed on Sep. 6, 2007, U.S. provisional patentapplication entitled “Wavelength Shifted Dynamic Bidirectional System”,Ser. No. 60/883,727 filed on Jan. 6, 2007, and U.S. provisional patentapplication entitled “Wavelength Shifted Dynamic Bidirectional System”,Ser. No. 60/868,838 filed on Dec. 6, 2006, which are all incorporated byreference as if reproduced herein in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Bandwidth demand and total deployment cost (capital cost and operationalcost) of an advanced optical access communication system are increasing,while a return on investment is decreasing. This has created asignificant business dilemma.

More than ever before, we have become more mobile and global. Anintelligent pervasive and always-on Internet access via convergence ofall (e.g., anelectrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensor)communication networks can provide connectivity at anytime, fromanywhere, to anything is desired.

The present invention is related to a dynamic bidirectional opticalaccess communication system with an intelligent subscriber subsystem canconnect/couple/interact (via one or more or allelectrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensorcommunication network(s) within and/or to and/or from an intelligentsubscriber subsystems) with another object and an intelligent applianceutilizing an Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and its subsequentversions.

An intelligent subscriber system and/or an object and/or an intelligentappliance comprises one/more of the following modules (wherein a moduleis defined as a functional integration of criticalelectrical/optical/radio/sensor components, circuits andalgorithms/stacks-needed to achieve a desired function/property of amodule): a laser, a photodiode, a modulator, a demodulator, aphase-to-intensity converter, an amplifier, a wavelengthcombiner/decombiner, an optical power combiner/decombiner, a cyclicarrayed waveguide router, a micro-electrical-mechanical-systems (MEMS)space switch, an optical switch, an optical circulator, an opticalfilter, an optical intensity attenuator, a processor, a memory, adisplay, a microphone, a camera, a sensor, a biological sensor, a radio,a near-field-communication, a scanner, a power source, (b) an embeddedand/or a cloud based operating system software module (wherein asoftware module is defined as a functional integration of criticalalgorithms/stacks-needed to achieve a desired function/property of asoftware module) and/or (c) an embedded and/or a cloud basedintelligence rendering software module.

Furthermore, an object can sense/measure/collect/aggregate/compare/mapand connect/couple/interact (via one or more or allelectrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensorcommunication network(s) within and/or to and/or from an object) withanother object, an intelligent subscriber subsystem and an intelligentappliance utilizing an Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and itssubsequent versions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A dynamic intelligent bidirectional optical access communication systemutilizes two critical optical modules: a phase modulator and anintensity modulator at an intelligent subscriber subsystem. Together,these two critical optical modules can reduce the Rayleighbackscattering effect on the propagation of optical signals.

Reduced Rayleigh backscattering effect can enable a longer-reach opticalaccess communication network (longer-reach than that of a currentlydeployed optical access communication network) between an intelligentsubscriber subsystem and a super node (e.g., many neighbouring nodescollapsed into a preferred super node). Such a longer-reach opticalaccess communication network eliminates significant costs related to avast array of middle equipment (e.g., a router/switch) which otherwisewould be needed between a standard node (without a super nodeconfiguration) and a large number of remote nodes, according to acurrently deployed optical access communication network.

In one key embodiment of the present invention, a bidirectional opticalaccess communication system can be configured to be capable of alonger-reach optical access communication network.

In another key embodiment of the present invention, a bidirectionaloptical access communication system can be configured to be capable ofdynamically providing wavelength on-Demand and/or bandwidth on-Demandand/or service on-Demand.

In another key embodiment of the present invention, a construction of awavelength-tunable laser component/module is described.

In another key embodiment of the present invention, an optical signalcan be routed to an intended destination securely by extracting anintended destination from a destination marker optical signal.

In another key embodiment of the present invention, a construction andapplications of an object is described.

In another key embodiment of the present invention, an object cansense/measure/collect/aggregate/compare/map and connect/couple/interact(via one or more or allelectrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensorcommunication network(s) within and/or to and/or from an object) withanother object, an intelligent subscriber subsystem and an intelligentappliance utilizing an Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and itssubsequent versions.

In another key embodiment of the present invention, an intelligencerendering software module allows a subscriber subsystem toadapt/learn/relearn a user's interests/preferences/patterns and therebyrendering an intelligence to a subscriber subsystem.

In another key embodiment of the present invention, an intelligencerendering software module allows an appliance to adapt/learn/relearn auser's interests/preferences/patterns and thereby rendering anintelligence to an appliance.

In another key embodiment of the present invention, a construction of anear-field communication (NFC) enabled micro-subsystem/intelligentappliance is described.

In another key embodiment of the present invention, a portfolio of keyapplications (e.g., an intelligent, location based and personalizedsocial network and direct/peer-to-peer marketing) are also described.

The present invention can be better understood in the description belowwith accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of abidirectional optical access communication network 100, according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of adynamic bidirectional optical access communication network 100,according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of anoptical processing micro-subsystem 360 (within an intelligent subscribersubsystem), according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3A illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of awavelength tunable (narrowly) laser component, according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3B illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of awavelength tunable (widely) laser array module, according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of anintelligent subscriber subsystem 340, according to another embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of anobject 720, according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of anintelligent appliance 880, according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart (configuration) ofan intelligent, location based and personalized social network,according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart (configuration) ofan intelligent, location based and personalized direct marketing,according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart (configuration) ofan intelligent, location based and personalized secure contact-less(proximity) Internet access authentication, according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) ofconnections/couplings/interactions between an object 720 with anotherobject 720, an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and an intelligentappliance 880, according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart (configuration)enabling a task execution by a software agent, according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of abidirectional optical access communication network 100, which includes asuper node 101, many distant local nodes 102 and many distant remotenodes 103. Distance between a super node 101 and a remote node 103 isgreater than that between a super node 101 and a local node 102.However, many local nodes 102 can collapse/reside within a super node101 to enable a bidirectional optical access communication network 100without a road-side electrical power requirement at a local node 102.

A bidirectional optical access communication network 100 isconnected/coupled/interacted with a super node 101, many local nodes102, many remote nodes 103 and a large number of intelligent subscribersubsystems 340 (located at homes/businesses) over adispersion-compensated single-mode optical fiber. At a super node 101, anumber of laser modules (high power fast wavelength switching-wavelengthtunable semiconductor laser modules are preferred) 120 provide first setof downstream wavelengths, where each downstream wavelength is modulatedat 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s, by a corresponding intensity modulator module(an electro-absorption/Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator module ispreferred) 140 to provide optical signals. These modulated downstreamwavelengths (embedded with the optical signals) are combined by awavelength combiner module 160 and amplified by an erbium-doped fiberamplifier (EDFA) module 220. These amplified downstream wavelengths arepassed through a 3-port circulator module 260 and transmitted over adispersion-compensated single-mode optical fiber (with a distributedRaman amplifier is preferred) 280 to a remote node 103. A distributedRaman amplifier can provide a distributed amplification of an opticalsignal over a dispersion-compensated single-mode optical fiber by anonlinear coupling/interaction between an optical signal and an opticalpump signal and thereby effectively increasing the reach of an opticalaccess communication network than that of a currently deployed opticalaccess communication network. At a remote node 103, modulated downstreamwavelengths from a super node 101, are decombined by an integratedwavelength combiner/decombiner module 300, filtered by a bandpassoptical filter module (a wavelength switching-wavelength tunablebandpass optical filter module is preferred) 240, are power split by anintegrated optical power combiner/decombiner module 320 and aretransmitted to a number of intelligent subscriber subsystems 340.However, all the optical modules at a remote node 103 must betemperature-insensitive to operate within a wide temperature range at aremote node 103, as there may not be an electrical power at a remotenode 103. The downstream wavelength from a super node 101 to a number ofintelligent subscriber subsystems 340 can be transmitted andcorrespondingly received by photodiode modules 200 at intelligentsubscriber subsystems 340, utilizing a time division multiplexedstatistical bandwidth allocation and/or a broadcasting method.

A local node 102 includes a laser module 120, which isconnected/coupled/interacted with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)module 220 to provide an upstream wavelength from intelligent subscribersubsystems 340, which is offset in wavelength with respect to the firstset of downstream wavelengths generated at a super node 101. Theupstream wavelength power splits through an integrated optical powercombiner/decombiner module 320 at a remote node 103 and is transmittedto a number of intelligent subscriber subsystems 340 for opticalprocessing within an optical processing micro-subsystem 360. Anoptically processed upstream wavelength (embedded with the opticalsignals) within an optical processing micro-subsystem 360 (within anintelligent subscriber subsystem 340) is looped/returned back through anintegrated optical power combiner/decombiner module 320, a bandpassoptical filter module 240 and an integrated wavelengthcombiner/decombiner module 300 at a remote node 103. An opticallyprocessed upstream wavelength is transmitted over adispersion-compensated single-mode optical fiber 280 and passed througha 3-port circulator module 260 at a super node 101. A 3-port circulatormodule 260 provides an upstream wavelength from a number of intelligentsubscriber subsystems 340 to a bandpass optical filter 240, anerbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) module 220, a wavelength decombinermodule 180, a number of external fiber-optic interferometer module 180A(to convert a phase modulation signal into an intensity modulationsignal) and a photodiode module 200 at a super node 101, wherein eachphotodiode module 200 is detecting a distinct upstream wavelength.Furthermore, a photodiode module 200 comprises one or more of thefollowing optical/electronic components: a 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s linearphotodiode chip, a 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s mesa-type/waveguide-typeavalanche photodiode chip (APD), a 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s burst-modetrans-impedance amplifier, a 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s clock and datarecovery (CDR), a bandpass optical filter 240 and a semiconductoroptical amplifier 380 (if a semiconductor optical amplifier 380 isneeded for an optical gain in conjunction with a 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/slinear photodiode chip). The upstream wavelength from a number ofintelligent subscriber subsystems 340 to a super node can be transmittedand correspondingly received by photodiode modules 200 at a super node101, utilizing a time division multiplexed statistical bandwidthallocation and/or a broadcasting method.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of adynamic bidirectional optical access communication network 100, where awavelength to an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 can be dynamicallyvaried on-Demand by utilizing an M:M cyclic wavelength arrayed waveguidegrating router module (a fast wavelength switching-wavelength tunableprogrammable M:M cyclic wavelength arrayed waveguide grating routermodule is preferred) 250 at a remote node 103. All possible switchedoutput downstream wavelengths are arranged at the M outputs of an M:Mcyclic wavelength arrayed waveguide grating router module 250 because ofits free spectral range periodic property of an M:M cyclic wavelengtharrayed waveguide grating router module. This construction(configuration) offers a flexibility of dynamically routing/deliveringone or more downstream wavelength with different modulation rates (e.g.,10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s) provided by a corresponding intensity modulatormodule 140, to an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 for wavelengthon-Demand, bandwidth on-Demand and service on-Demand, significantlyincreasing a return on investment. Thus each dynamically routedwavelength with a specific modulation rate can provide a distinctbandwidth-specific service on-Demand (e.g., an ultra-high definitionmovie on-Demand) to an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340.

A method of providing bandwidth-specific service on-Demand can berealized by comprising at least the steps of (a) a user requesting aspecific service (e.g., an ultra-high definition movie on-Demand) at anintelligent subscriber subsystem 340, (b) delivering the specificservice over a wavelength by a laser module 120 at a super node 101, (c)modulating the wavelength at a required modulation rate (e.g., 10 Gb/sor higher Gb/s) by an intensity modulator module 140 at a super node 101and (d) dynamically routing the said wavelength (embedded with a userrequested specific service) by an M:M cyclic wavelength arrayedwaveguide grating router module 250 to a remote node 103 and to anintelligent subscriber subsystem 340.

Thus a rapid wavelength routing (in space, wavelength and time) by anM:M cyclic wavelength arrayed waveguide grating router module 250 can beconstructed as an optical packet/interconnect router between manyprinted circuit boards/integrated circuits/microprocessors.

Furthermore, outputs of an M:M cyclic wavelength arrayed waveguidegrating router module 250 at a remote node 103 can beconnected/coupled/interacted with inputs of a large scale N:N (e.g., a1000:1000) micro-electrical-mechanical-systems (MEMS) space switchmodule at a remote node 103 to provide a much greater flexibility ofwavelength routing.

An input-output echelle grating module and a negative-index photoniccrystal super-prism module can be utilized as alternatives to awavelength combiner module 160, a wavelength decombiner module 180 andan integrated wavelength combiner/decombiner module 300. A multi-modeinterference (MMI) module and Y-combiner module can be utilized asalternatives to an integrated optical power combiner/decombiner module320 and optical power combiner module 320 A.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of anoptical processing micro-subsystem 360, wherein downstream wavelength ispassed through a 3-port circulator 260, a bandpass optical filter module240 and a photodiode module 200. A wavelength from a laser module 120 atlocal node 102 is passed through a 3-port circulator module 260 withinan optical processing micro-subsystem 360 and this wavelength isamplified by a semiconductor optical amplifier module 380, modulated inphase by a phase modulator module 400, modulated at a bit-rate (e.g., 10Gb/s or higher Gb/s, but a variable modulation bit-rate is preferred) inintensity by an intensity modulator module 420, amplified by asemiconductor optical amplifier module 380, transmitted through avariable optical intensity attenuator module 440 (if needed) andlooped/returned back to create an upstream wavelength (embedded with anoptical signal) and transmitted to a super node 101.

Furthermore, a generic intensity modulator module 140 can replace anelectro-absorption intensity modulator module 420, which is designed foran integration with a semiconductor optical amplifier module 380, aphase modulator module 400 and a variable optical intensity attenuatormodule 440 on a monolithic photonic integrated circuit (PIC) and/or anactive-passive hybrid planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology.

Numerous permutations (e.g., modulating a CW optical signal from a lasermodule 120 at a local node 102 by an intensity modulator 140/420 andthen by a phase modulator 400) of all optical modules within an opticalprocessing micro-subsystem 360 are possible to create an optimum qualityof an upstream wavelength for an intended reach. Use of a phasemodulator module 400 and an intensity modulator module 420 together canreduce the Rayleigh backscattering effect on the propagation of opticalsignals, enabling a longer-reach optical access communication networkbetween a super node 101 and a remote node 103, thus eliminating a vastarray of middle equipment such as routers and switches, which wouldotherwise be needed between a standard node (without a super nodeconfiguration) and a large number of remote nodes 103, according to acurrently deployed optical access communication network.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, an upstreamsecond set of wavelengths (which are offset in wavelengths with respectto first set of wavelengths transmitted from a super node 101), can beinternally generated by a wavelength-tunable laser module within anintelligent subscriber subsystem 340, without a need of an externalwavelength generation by a laser module 120 at a local node 102.Generation of an upstream wavelength (fast switching-widely tunablelaser module is preferred) within an intelligent subscriber subsystem340 simplifies a construction of a dynamic bidirectional optical accesscommunication network 100.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, asingle-mode/mode-hopp free wavelength tunable (about 32 nm) laser modulecan be constructed by utilizing an ultra-low anti-reflection coated(both facets) semiconductor optical amplifier (a photonic crystal/akaquantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier is preferred) and atriple-ring resonator waveguide on a planar lightwave circuit (PLC)platform. The front facet of a triple-ring resonator waveguide has anultra-low anti-reflection coating, while the back facet of that has ahigh-reflection coating. The anti-reflection coated back facet of asemiconductor optical amplifier and the anti-reflection coated frontfacet of a triple-ring resonator waveguide are intimately attached(“butt-coupled”) to each other. The phases of a triple-ring resonatorwaveguide can be controlled by a metal strip heater along a straightsegment of a triple-ring resonator waveguide. Furthermore, asemiconductor optical amplifier can be monolithically integrated with anelectro-absorption/Mach Zehnder intensity modulator.

FIG. 3A illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of asingle-mode/mode-hopp free wavelength tunable (narrow) laser component,comprising an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) segment 400 (about 150micron long), which can be integrated (“butt-coupled”) with the backfacet of a λ/4 phase shifted DR laser (λ4 phase shifted distributed feedback (DFB) section (about 400 micron long)+phase control section(without any gratings/about 50 micron long)+distributed Bragg reflector(DBR) section (about 50 micron long)) 120A. Laser multi-quantum-well(MQW) layers can be stacked on top of electro-absorption intensitymodulator (EAM) multi-quantum-well (MQW) layers. An electro-absorptionintensity modulator (EAM) can be processed by etching away the lasermulti-quantum-well MQW layers. Higher laser output (exit power) can beachieved by incorporating distributed phase shifts and/or chirpedgrating across the length of a distributed feedback (DFB) section. Aninjection current to a phase control section can produce a change indistributed feed back (DFB) laser wavelength. A reverse-voltage to anelectro-absorption intensity modulator (EAM) 420 can change in arefractive index by Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE). The advantagesof this tunable laser design are (1) high single-mode stability due to adistributed feed back (DFB) section, (2) higher output (exit) power dueto a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) section and (3) rapid wavelengthtuning by an injection current to a phase control section and/or reversevoltage to an electro-absorption intensity modulator (EAM) 420.

A stacked multi-quantum well (MQW) cross-sectional layer design of anelectro-absorption modulator (EAM) with a DR laser is illustrated intable 1 below.

TABLE 1 Bandgap Thickness N-/P-Doping Composition Wavelength StrainMaterial (nm) (10{circumflex over ( )}18/cm{circumflex over ( )}3) In(1− x)Ga(x)As(y)P(1 − y) (nm) (%) Index Substrate 100 × 10{circumflex over( )}3 N 3.0 X = 0.000 Y = 0.000 918.6 0 3.1694 Buffer  1 × 10{circumflexover ( )}3 N 1.0 X = 0.000 Y = 0.000 918.6 0 3.1694 1.15Q 70 N 0.5 X =0.181 Y = 0.395 1150 0 3.3069 1.20Q 50 N 0.5 X = 0.216 Y = 0.469 1200 03.3345 1.10Q 10 N 0.001 X = 0.145 Y = 0.317 1100 0 3.2784 EAM Well-1 8 N0.001 X = 0.463 Y = 0.930 1550 TS0.2 3.5533 1.10Q 6 N 0.001 X = 0.145 Y= 0.317 1100 0 3.2784 EAM Well-2 8 N 0.001 X = 0.463 Y = 0.930 1550TS0.2 3.5533 1.10Q 6 N 0.001 X = 0.145 Y = 0.317 1100 0 3.2784 EAMWell-3 8 N 0.001 X = 0.463 Y = 0.930 1550 TS0.2 3.5533 1.10Q 6 N 0.001 X= 0.145 Y = 0.317 1100 0 3.2784 EAM Well-4 8 N 0.001 X = 0.463 Y = 0.9301550 TS0.2 3.5533 1.10Q 6 N 0.001 X = 0.145 Y = 0.317 1100 0 3.2784 EAMWell-5 8 N 0.001 X = 0.463 Y = 0.930 1550 TS0.2 3.5533 1.10Q 6 N 0.001 X= 0.145 Y = 0.317 1100 0 3.2784 EAM Well-6 8 N 0.001 X = 0.463 Y = 0.9301550 TS0.2 3.5533 1.10Q 10 N 0.001 X = 0.145 Y = 0.317 1100 0 3.2784Stop-Etch 50 N 0.001 X = 0.000 Y = 0.000 918.6 0 3.1694 *1.25Q 10 N0.001 X = 0.239 Y = 0.533 1250 0 3.3588 *DR Well-1 5 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y= 0.839 1642 CS1.05 3.4971 *1.25Q 10 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y = 0.533 1250 03.3588 *DR Well-2 6 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y = 0.839 1642 CS1.05 3.4971*1.25Q 10 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y = 0.533 1250 0 3.3588 *DR Well-3 5 N 0.001X = 0.239 Y = 0.839 1642 CS1.05 3.4971 *1.25Q 10 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y =0.533 1250 0 3.3588 *DR Well-4 6 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y = 0.839 1642 CS1.053.4971 *1.25Q 10 N 0.001 X = 0.239 Y = 0.533 1250 0 3.3588 *1.20Q 50 P0.2 X = 0.216 Y = 0.469 1200 0 3.3345 **Grating: 50 P 0.2 X = 0.181 Y =0.395 1150 0 3.3069 1.15Q Cladding  1.5 × 10{circumflex over ( )}3 P0.2~P 2.0 X = 0.000 Y = 0.000 918.6 0 3.1694 1.30Q 50 P 5.0 X = 0.280 Y= 0.606 1300 0 3.3871 Cap 200 P 30 X = 0.468 Y = 1.000 1654 0 3.5610EAM: Electro-absorption modulator DR: Laser TS: Tensile CS: Compressive*These laser layers must be removed in EAM section and bereplaced/re-gown with InP layer of total thickness of ~172 nm. **λ/4phase shifted gratings (at the DFB section of DR laser) are fabricatedon this layer with 50% duty cycle at 40 nm grating etch depth.

FIG. 3B illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of asingle-mode/mode-hopp free wavelength tunable (widely) laser array,which can be integrated with a wavelength combiner 160 or a Y/multi-modeinterference optical power combiner 320A, a tilted/curved semiconductoroptical amplifier 380, a phase modulator 400 (if needed), an intensitymodulator 140/420 and a tilted/curved semiconductor optical amplifier380 via an waveguide 280A/single-mode fiber 280. The back facet of anelectro-absorption modulator (EAM) segment 400 has a low anti-reflectioncoating, while the front facet of a last optical modulator 380 anultra-low anti-reflection coating. An upstream wavelength (embedded withan optical signal) generated utilizing a tunable laser module at anintelligent subscriber subsystem 340, is passed through a 3-portcirculator module 260 at a remote node 103 and transmitted to a supernode 101. A downstream wavelength from a super node 101, is passedthrough a 3-port circulator 260, a bandpass optical filter module 240and a photodiode module 200 at a remote node.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, that a subsetof a second set of wavelengths (which are offset in wavelengths withrespect to a first set of wavelengths transmitted from the super node101) can be modulated at a bit-rate (e.g., 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s, but avariable modulation bit-rate is preferred) and thus configured to beshared with a number of intelligent subscriber subsystems 340 togenerate a symmetric upstream bandwidth/bandwidth on-Demand.

Both downstream and upstream wavelengths can be protected by a 2×2optical protection switch module and separated via an opticalring-network comprising of redundant/multiple dispersion-compensatedsingle-mode optical fibers 280.

A pilot tone modulation can be added to a semiconductor opticalamplifier module 380 within an optical processing micro-subsystem 360(within an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340) and to laser modules120 (at a super node 101 and a local node 102) to reduce Rayleighbackscattering effect.

An electronic dispersion compensation circuit and a forward errorcorrection circuit can be added to relax the specifications of opticaland/or electronic modules. Furthermore, all optical single-mode fiberscan be polished at an angle (about 7 degree) to reduce any opticalback-reflection.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, an upstreamwavelength may be shared/transmitted by a number of intelligentsubscriber subsystems 340 utilizing a time division multiplexedstatistical bandwidth allocation method. Therefore, a burst modereceiver circuit is needed at a super node 101 to process bursty opticalsignals embedded in the upstream wavelengths from a number ofintelligent subscriber subsystems 340.

Furthermore, to enable a higher bit-rate, a modulator/demodulator of anadvanced modulation format (e.g., differential quadratic phase-shiftkeying-DQPSK and/or quadratic amplitude modulation-QAM) can be utilized.

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of anintelligent subscriber subsystem 340, according to another embodiment ofthe present invention, wherein an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340comprises an optical processing micro-subsystem 360 (for separating andproviding a downstream wavelength to a photodiode module 200 andoptically processing an upstream wavelength to a super node 101). Aphotodiode module 200 within an optical processing micro-subsystem 360is connected/coupled/interacted with an optical-to-electrical amplifiercircuit 460 and a media access controller (with processing, routing andquality of service (QoS) functions) module and a module specificsoftware 480. A media access controller module and a module specificsoftware 480 is connected/coupled/interacted with one or more of thefollowing: (a) an IP/micro IP/light weight IP address module and amodule specific software 500, (b) security module (an Internetfirewall/spyware/user-specific security control/authentication) and amodule specific software 520, (c) an in-situ/remote diagnostic moduleand a module specific software 540, (d) a content transfer module and amodule specific software 560, (e) a time-shift (time-shift is arecording of content to a storage medium for consuming at a later time)module and a module specific software 580, (f) a place-shift(place-shift is consuming a stored content on a remoteappliance/subsystem/system/terminal via an Internet) module and a modulespecific software 600, (g) a content (voice-video-multimedia-data)over-IP module and a module specific software 620, (h) a radio module(with antenna(s)), wherein the radio module comprises one or more of thefollowing modules: a RFID (active/passive), a Wibree, a Bluetooth, aWi-Fi, an ultra-wideband, a 60-GHz/millimeter wave, a Wi-Max/4G/higherfrequency radio and an indoor/outdoor position module (e.g., aBluetooth, a Wi-Fi, a GPS and an electronic compass) and a modulespecific software 640, (i) a software module 700, which comprises one ormore of the following: an embedded/cloud based operating system softwareand an embedded/cloud based intelligence rendering software (e.g., asurveillance software, a behavior modeling (www.choicestream.com), apredictive analytics/text/data/pattern mining/natural language(www.sas.com), a fuzzy logic/artificial intelligence/neural network(www.nd.com/bliasoft.com), a machine learning/iterativelearn-by-doing/natural learning (www.saffron.com) and an intelligentagent (cougaarsoftware.com), (j) a memory/storage module and a modulespecific software 780, (k) a sensor module and a module specificsoftware 820 and (l) a battery/solar cell/micro fuel-cell/wired powersupply module and a module specific software 840.

Furthermore, a system-on-a-chip, integrating a processor module and amodule specific software 760 with a graphic processor module, anInternet firewall, a spyware and a user-specific securitycontrol/authentication can simplify a construction of an intelligentsubscriber subsystem 340.

An intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 comprises a set top box/personalvideo recorder/personal server components/modules. An intelligentsubscriber subsystem 340 comprises a voice-to-text-to-voice processingmodule and a module specific software. (e.g., Crisp Sound is a real timeaudio signal processing software for echo cancellation, background noisereduction, speech enhancement and equalization), a video compressionmodule and a module specific software, a photo-editing software moduleand a software module for automatically uploading content to a preferredremote/cloud server.

An intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 has multiple radio modules withmultiple antennas. A tunable radio-frequency carbon nano-tube (CNT)cavity can tune in between 2 GHz and 3 GHz. Merging many antennasutilizing a tunable carbon nano-tube (CNT) cavity and an analog/digitalconverter, it can enable a simplified software-defined radio.

An intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 that it can enable contentover-IP, (e.g., Skype service) thus disrupting a traditional carriercontrolled fixed telephony business model.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a securedelivery of a content optical signal to an intended destination can beachieved by utilizing a low bit-rate destination marker optical signal,which is modulated at a different plane with a different modulationformat, simultaneously in conjunction with a higher-bit rate contentoptical signal. The low bit-rate destination marker optical signal isextracted and converted from an optical domain to an electrical domainto determine an intended destination of a content optical signal, whilea content optical signal remains in an optical domain until it isdelivered to an intended destination—thus both routing and security inthe delivery of a content optical signal are significantly enhanced.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of amicro-sized (about 15 mm³) object 720, having a processor (e.g.,ultra-lower power consumption ARMCortex™-M3/micro-controller-www.ambiqmicro.com/based on nano-scaled InAsXOI) module and a module specific software 760 isconnected/coupled/interacted with one or more of the following: (a) anIP/micro IP/light weight IP address module and a module specificsoftware 500, (b) a software module 700 (e.g., a Tiny OS-operatingsystem/IBM mote runner), (c) an “object specific” radio module withantenna(s) (which comprises one or more of the following, a RFID(active/passive), an ultra-low power radio, a Wibree, a Bluetooth and anear-field communication (NFC) 740, (d) a memory/storage module and amodule specific software 780, (e) a camera module (a MEMS based camerais preferred) and a module specific software 800, (f) a sensor (e.g., aradio enabled micro-electro-mechanical sensor) module and a modulespecific software 820 and (g) a battery/solar cell/micro fuel-cell wiredpower supply/wired power supply module and a module specific software840.

A battery/solar cell (e.g., Silicon)/micro fuel-cell/wired powersupply/resonant electro-magnetic inductive coupling energy transfer(wireless) power supply module and a module specific software 840 caninclude a thick/thin film (e.g., 3.6V 12 μAh Cymbet thin-film lithiumbattery) printed/3-D/nano-engineered battery (e.g., cellulose-a spacerionic liquid electrolyte, electrically connected/coupled/interacted witha carbon nano-tube (CNT) electrode and a Lithium Oxide electrode), anano-super-capacitor (e.g., utilizing carbon nano-tube (CNT) ink, oroperating due to fast ion transport at a nano-scale), a nano-electricalgenerator of piezoelectric PZT nano-wires (e.g., n-/p-type Zinc Oxidenano-wires. 20,000 Zinc Oxide nano-wires can generate about 2 mW), anano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) cell (e.g., a motor protein cell)and a microbial nano fuel-cell.

A motor protein (macromolecule) named prestin, which is expressed inouter hair cells in the organ of Corti of a human ear and it is encodedby the SLC26A5 gene. Prestin converts an electrical voltage into amotion by elongating and contracting outer hair cells. This motionamplifies sound in a human ear. However, prestin can work in a reversemode, producing an electrical voltage in response to a motion. Toincrease conductivity, a microbe (e.g., a bacterium Pili) can act as aconducting nano-wire to transfer electrons generated by prestin. Eachprestin is capable of making only nano watts of electricity. A prestincell (array of prestins, connected/coupled/interacted between twoelectrodes) can electrically charge a battery/solar cell/microfuel-cell/wired power supply module. A prestin cell can grow andself-heal, as it is constructed from biological components. Furthermore,a nano-electrical generator of piezoelectric PZT nano-wires can beintegrated with prestin.

A memristor component can replace both a processor component and/or amemory/storage component. Furthermore, a memristor component and anano-sized radio component can reduce power consumption of an object720.

A sensor module and a module specific software 820 can include abiological sensor (e.g., to monitor/measure a body temperature, %oxygen, a heart rhythm, a blood glucose concentration and a bio-markerfor a disease parameter).

An object 720 with a biological/bio-marker sensor, a transistor, a LED,a nano-sized radio, a prestin cell and an object specific software canbe incorporated onto a support material (e.g., a silk membrane) tomonitor/measure (and transmit) a disease parameter.

Another example of a biological sensor can be described as follows: anassassin protein (macromolecule) perforin is immune system's weapon ofmass destruction. Perforin is encoded by the PRFI gene. Perforin isexpressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Interestingly,perforin resembles a cellular weapon employed by a bacterium (e.g.,anthrax). Perforin has an ability to embed itself to form a pore in acell-membrane. The pore by itself may be damaging to a cell and itenables an entry of a toxic enzyme granzyme B, which induces anapoptosis (a programmed suicide process) of a diseased cell. However,perforin occasionally misfires—killing a wrong cell (e.g., an insulinproducing pancreas) and significantly accelerating a disease likediabetes. Defective perforin leads to an upsurge in cancer malignancy(e.g., leukemia). Up regulation of perforin can be effective againstcancer and/or an acute viral disease (e.g., cerebral malaria). Downregulation of perforin can be effective against diabetes. Theramification of a pore-forming macromolecule like perforin is enormous,if it can be tailored/tuned to a specific disease.

Like perforin, an ultrasonically guided micro-bubble can break in acell-membrane. A pore-forming micro-bubble (ultrasonicallyguided)/nano-vessel (e.g., a cubisome/liposome) encapsulating a suitablechemical(s)/drug(s), a surface modified-red fluorescent protein (e.g.,E2-Crimson) and perforin (if needed) can be an effective imaging/drugdelivery method. A surface coating (e.g., a pegylation) on amicro-bubble/nano-vessel can avoid an immune surveillance of a humanbody. A surface coating of disease-specific ligand (e.g., an antibody)on a micro-bubble/nano-vessel can enhance the targeting to specificdisease cells. Furthermore, an encapsulation of magneticsuper-paramagnetic nano-particles within a micro-bubble/nano-vessel cansignificantly enhance the targeting to specific disease cells, when itis guided by a magnet. A micro-bubble/nano-vessel can be incorporatedwithin a silicone micro-catheter (silver nano-particle coated) tube or amicro-electrical-mechanical-systems (MEMS) reservoir/micro-pump(integrated with an array of silicon micro-needles) on a supportmaterial.

For utilizing an object 720 within and/or on a human body, allcomponents must be biocompatible (bio-dissolvable is preferred).

If a disease parameter measurement is perceived to be abnormal withrespect to a reference disease parameter measurement, a biologicalsensor module connects/couples/interacts with an object 720 for aprogrammed drug delivery. Furthermore, an object 720 canconnect/couple/interact (via one or more or allelectrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensorcommunication network(s) within and/or to and/or from an object) with anintelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and/or an intelligent appliance 880for a location based/assisted emergency help without a human input.

An object 720 can be constructed utilizing a system-on-a-chip/asystem-in-a-package/multi-chip module.

An object 720 can sense/measure/collect/aggregate/compare/map andconnect/couple/interact/share (via one or more or allelectrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic/sensor/bio-sensorcommunication network(s) within and/or to and/or from an object) with anintelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and an intelligent appliance 880utilizing an Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and its subsequentversions.

A method of securing information by an object 720, comprising at leastthe following steps of: (a) sensing 900, (b) measuring 920, (c)collecting 940, (d) aggregating/comparing/mapping 960, (e)connecting/coupling/interacting/sharing 980 (in real time) with aplurality of objects 720, intelligent subscriber subsystems 340 andintelligent appliances 880, (f) developing a learning algorithm (e.g., amachine learning/iterative learn-by-doing/natural learning algorithm ina software module 700) 1300 from the activities of a plurality ofobjects 720, intelligent subscriber subsystems 340 and intelligentappliances 880, (g) utilizing a learning algorithm 1320 and (h)re-iterating all the previous steps from (a) to (g) in a loop cycle 1340to enable an intelligent decision based on information from a pluralityof objects 720, intelligent subscriber subsystems 340 and intelligentappliances 880.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) of anintelligent appliance (about 125 mm long, 75 mm wide and 20 mm thick)880, according to another embodiment of the present invention. Aprocessor (performance at a lower electrical power consumption isdesired e.g., Graphene processor) module and a module specific software760 is connected/coupled/interacted (via one or more or allelectrical/optical/radio/electro-magnetic communication network(s)within and/or to and/or from an intelligent appliance) with one or moreof the following: (a) an IP/micro IP/light weight IP address module anda module specific software 500, (b) security module (an Internetfirewall/spyware/user-specific security control/authentication) and amodule specific software 520, (c) an in-situ/remote diagnostic moduleand a module specific software 540, (d) a content transfer module and amodule specific software 560, (e) a time-shift module and a modulespecific software 580, (f) a place-shift module and a module specificsoftware 600, (g) a content (voice-video-multimedia-data) over-IP moduleand a module specific software 620, (h) a radio module (withantenna(s)), wherein the radio module comprises one or more of thefollowing modules: a RFID (active/passive), a Wibree, a Bluetooth, aWi-Fi, an ultra-wideband, a 60-GHz/millimeter wave, a Wi-Max/4G/higherfrequency radio and an indoor/outdoor position module (e.g., aBluetooth, a Wi-Fi, a GPS and an electronic compass) and a modulespecific software 640, (i) a 1-D/2-D barcode/QR-code scanner/readermodule and a module specific software 660, (j) a near-fieldcommunication (NFC) module (with an antenna) and a module specificsoftware 680, (k) a software module 700, which comprises one or more ofthe following: an embedded/cloud based operating system software and anembedded/cloud based intelligence rendering software (e.g., a behaviormodeling (www.choicestream.com), a predictiveanalytics/text/data/pattern mining/natural language (www.sas.com), afuzzy logic/artificial intelligence/neural network(www.nd.com/bliasoft.com), a machine learning/iterativelearn-by-doing/natural learning (www.saffron.com) and an intelligentsoftware agent (cougaarsoftware.com)), (l) a memory/storage module and amodule specific software 780, (m) a camera (a 180 degree rotating cameramodule is preferred) and a module specific software 800, (n) a sensormodule and a module specific software 820, (o) a battery/solarcell/micro fuel-cell/wired power supply module and a module specificsoftware 840 and (p) a display (a foldable/stretchable with a touchsensor is preferred) module and a module specific software 860. Anintelligent appliance 880 comprises a socket (e.g., SIM/SD).

Furthermore, a system-on-a-chip, integrating a processor module and amodule specific software 760 with a graphic processor module, anInternet firewall, a spyware and a user-specific securitycontrol/authentication can simplify a construction of an intelligentappliance 880.

Furthermore, a super-capacitor (manufactured by www.cap-xx.com) and/orproton exchange membrane micro fuel-cell can enhance an operational timeof a battery/solar cell/micro fuel-cell/wired power supply component.

A foldable/stretchable display component can be constructed from agraphene sheet and/or an organic light-emitting diodeconnecting/coupling/interacting with a printed organic transistor and arubbery conductor (e.g., a mixture of a carbon nano-tube (CNT)/goldconductor and a rubbery polymer) with a touch/multi-touch sensor.

An intelligent appliance 880 comprises a voice-to-text-to-voiceprocessing module and a module specific software. (e.g., Crisp Sound isa real time audio signal processing software for echo cancellation,background noise reduction, speech enhancement and equalization), avideo compression module and a module specific software, a photo-editingsoftware module and a software module for automatically uploadingcontent to a preferred remote/cloud server.

An intelligent appliance 880 can be much thinner than 20 mm, if bothdisplay and battery components are thinner.

A thinner photonic crystal display component can be constructed asfollows: optically pumps different-sized photonic crystals, whereas thephotonic crystals can individually emit blue, green and red light basedon their inherent sizes. An optical pump can be generated from anoptical emission by an electrical activation of semiconductorquantum-wells. Blue, green and red light can be multiplexed/combined togenerate a white light.

A thinner organic battery component can be constructed as follows: anorganic battery utilizes push-pull organic molecules, wherein after anelectron transfer process, two positively charged molecules are formedwhich are repelled by each other like magnets. By installing a molecularswitch an electron transfer process can proceed in an oppositedirection. Thus forward and backward switching of an electron flow canform a basis of an ultra-thin, light weight and power efficient organicbattery.

An intelligent appliance 880 can be integrated with a miniature surroundsound (e.g., a micro-electrical-mechanical-systems (MEMS) based siliconmicrophone component-Analog ADMP 401/an equivalent component fromwww.akustica.com) module and a module specific software, a miniaturepower efficient projection (e.g., a holographic/micro-mirror projector)module and a module specific software, an infrared transceiver moduleand a module specific software and a biometric sensor (e.g., afinger-print/retinal-scan) module and a module specific software.

A projection module can be miniaturized by utilizing one tilt-able onemm diameter single crystal mirror. The mirror deflects a laser (blue,green and red) beam by rapidly switching its angle of orientation,building up a picture pixel by pixel.

An array of (at least four) front-facing cameras can provide stereoviews and motion parallax (apparent difference in a direction ofmovement produced relative to its environment). Each camera can create alow dynamic range depth map. However, an array of cameras can create ahigh dynamic range depth map-thus an intelligent appliance 880 canenable a 3-D video conference.

An intelligent appliance 880 has multiple radio modules with multipleantennas. These multiple radio modules with multiple antennas can besimplified by a software-defined radio.

An augmented reality allows a computer-generated content to besuperimposed over a live camera-view in a real world. An intelligentappliance 880 can be integrated with an augmented reality to enrich auser's experience and need.

An intelligent appliance 880 can acquire information on abarcode/RFID/near-field communication (NFC) tag on a product byutilizing its radio module. An intelligent appliance 880 is aware of itslocation via its indoor/outdoor position module (within a radio moduleand a module specific software 640) and it can search for aprice/distribution location. Thus, an intelligent appliance 880 canenable a real-world physical search.

An intelligent appliance 880 that it can enable content over-IP (e.g.,Skype service) via an ambient Wi-Fi/Wi-Max network, thus disrupting atraditional carrier controlled cellular business model.

Near-field communication (NFC) has a short range of about 35 mm-makingit an ideal choice for a contact-less (proximity) application.Near-field communication (NFC) module (with an antenna) and a modulespecific software 680 can allow a user tolearn/exchange/transfer/share/transact in a contact-less (proximity)application in real time. A standalone near-field communication (NFC)enabled micro-subsystem (e.g., a SD/SIM card form factor) can integratean IP/micro IP/light weight IP address module and a module specificsoftware 500, a storage/memory module and a module specific software780, a near-field communication (NFC) module (with an antenna) and amodule specific software 680 and a software module 700. Toexchange/transfer/share/transact content, a radio module and a modulespecific software 640 can be integrated with a standalone near-fieldcommunication (NFC) enabled micro-subsystem. To enhance the security ofa standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabled micro-subsystem, asensor module (e.g., a 0.2 mm thick finger-print sensor component(manufactured by Seiko Epson) reads an electric current on a user'sfinger-tip contact or a sensor component uniquely synchronized withanother sensor component) and a module specific software 820 can beintegrated. Furthermore, an advanced biometric (finger-print) sensormodule can be constructed by combining a silica colloidal crystal with arubber, wherein the silica colloidal crystal can be dissolved in dilutehydrofluoric (HF) acid-leaving air voids in a rubber, thus creating anelastic photonic crystal. An elastic photonic crystal emits an intrinsiccolor, displaying 3-D shapes of ridges, valley and pores of afinger-print, when pressed onto. A processor module and a modulespecific software 760 can be utilized to compare with a user'scaptured/stored finger-print data. A non-matching finger-print datawould render a standalone micro-subsystem unusable in anabuse/fraud/theft.

Five critical contact-less (proximity) applications are: (a)Product/service discovery/initiation, (b) peer-to-peerexchange/transfer/share/transaction (c) machine-to-machineexchange/transfer/share/transaction and (d) remote access of anappliance/subsystem/system/terminal and (e) access authentication.

Product/Service Discovery/Initiations

A standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabled micro-subsystem, incontact-less proximity of another near-field communication (NFC) enabledappliance/subsystem/system/terminal, receives an URL (web site) to (a)provide an information about a product/service, (b) receive a directand/or peer-to-peer marketing (e.g., acoupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) and (c)monitor/measure an effectiveness of a marketing campaign.

Peer-to-Peer Exchange/Transfer/Share/Transaction

A user can share a social network/businessprofile/micro-loan/micro-content in contact-less proximity of anear-field communication (NFC) enabledappliance/subsystem/system/terminal of another user.

Machine-to-Machine Exchange/Transfer/Share/Transaction

A user can transact money/micro-loan/micro-content in contact-lessproximity of a near-field communication (NFC) enabledappliance/subsystem/system/terminal.

An example, a standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabledmicro-subsystem can enable printing a stored photo, in contact-lessproximity of a near-field communication (NFC) enabled printer anddisplaying a stored movie, in contact-less proximity of a near-fieldcommunication (NFC) enabled TV.

A near-field communication (NFC) enabled TV can be constructed similarlyto an intelligent appliance 880.

Another example, a standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabledmicro-subsystem can enable purchasing a travel ticket, in contact-lessproximity of a near-field communication (NFC) enabled ticketappliance/subsystem/system/terminal. Such a ticket can be verifiedand/or located by an indoor position module without a need of a humaninput.

Another example, a near-field communication (NFC) enabled a printermodule integrated with an electro-mechanical weighing module, anelectro-mechanical postage dispending module and a software module forcalculating the postage price based on weight, distance, priority leveland delivery method, can enable purchasing postage efficiently.

Remote (Appliance/Subsystem/System/Terminal) Access

A user's profile, bookmark, address book, preference, setting,application and content of appliance/subsystem/system/terminal could bestored securely in a standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabledmicro-subsystem, in contact-less proximity of a near field communication(NFC) enabled appliance/subsystem/system/terminal, it will load anoriginal version of a user's profile, bookmark, address book,preference, setting, application and content.

Access Authentication

A user can utilize a standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabledmicro-subsystem, in contact-less proximity of a near-field communication(NFC) enabled appliance/subsystem/system/terminal to enableauthentication of an appliance/subsystem/system/terminal.

A standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabled micro-subsystem (asdiscussed above) can be integrated (by inserting into anelectro-mechanical socket) with an intelligent appliance 880.

A direct marketing (e.g., a coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyaltyprogram) exists via AdMob and Groupon. A static social network alsoexists via MySpace and Facebook. The primary motivation of a user issocial connections with other users in a social network website.However, a web based social network can limit a human bond.

A standalone near-field communication (NFC) enabledmicro-subsystem/intelligent appliance can enable an off-line socialexchange and direct and/or a peer-to-peer marketing.

A personalized social network can utilize an augmented identity (e.g.,Recognizr) in addition to a profile. A personalized social network cankeep track of an information/discussion/interest, which are important toa user/users and makes such an information/discussion/interest availableto a user/users when a user/users is either on-line and/off-line.

A direct marketing can be segmented by demographics/geographicallocations (e.g., a gender/maritalstatus/age/religion/interest/education/work-position/income/creditprofile/net asset/zip code). However, adding real time geographicallocation to direct marketing can be useful (e.g., a user close to astadium and minutes before an event, can purchase a ticket and after anevent can receive direct marketing campaign based on a user'sinterests/preferences/patterns. This is a personalized marketing)

Personalization can be enhanced by an intelligence rendering softwaremodule (e.g., a machine learning/iterative learn-by-doing/naturallearning algorithm in a software module 700). An intelligent softwareagent (a do-engine) can search an Internet automatically and recommend auser about a product/service/content based on a user'sinterests/preferences/patterns. An integration of a user social networkprofile, a user's interests/preferences/patterns, a user's real timegeographical location, data/information/images from objects 720 and aninteraction (of an object 720 with an intelligent subscriber subsystem340 and an intelligent appliance 880) collectively can embed physicalreality into an Internet space and an Internet reality into a physicalspace-thus it can enrich a user's experience and need.

FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart (configuration)enabling an intelligent, location based and personalized social networkcan be realized by comprising at least the following steps of: (a)authenticating a user 1000, (b) understanding a user's profile (anaugmented identity is preferred) 1020, (c) remembering a user's need1040, (d) remembering a user's conversation 1060, (e) reminding a user'sneed 1080, (f) determining a user's location (real time is preferred)1100, (g) searching an Internet for a user's need (an intelligentsoftware agent is preferred) 1120, (h) recommending a product/servicebest suited for a user's need 1140, (i) developing a learning algorithm(e.g., a machine learning/iterative learning-by-doing/natural learningalgorithm in a software module 700) 1300 from a plurality of users'activities, (j) utilizing a learning algorithm 1320 and (k) re-iteratingall previous steps from (a) to (j) in a loop cycle 1340.

FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart (configuration)enabling an intelligent, location based and personalized directmarketing (e.g., a coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program)by comprising at least the following steps of (a) authenticating a user1000, (b) understanding a user's profile (an augmented identity ispreferred) 1020, (c) remembering a user's need 1040, (d) remembering auser's conversation 1060, (e) reminding a user's need 1080, (f)determining a user's location (real time is preferred) 1100, (g)searching an Internet for a user's need (an intelligent software agentis preferred) 1120, (h) delivering a direct marketing material (e.g., acoupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) based on a user'sneed 1160, (i) developing a learning algorithm (e.g., a machinelearning/iterative learning-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in asoftware module 700) 1300 from a plurality of users' activities, (j)utilizing a learning algorithm 1320 and (k) re-iterating all previoussteps from (a) to (j) in a loop cycle 1340.

A method of enabling an intelligent, location based and personalizedpeer-to-peer marketing (e.g., a coupon/advertisement/promotion/brandloyalty program) can be realized by comprising at least the steps of:(a) authenticating a user 1000, (b) understanding a first user's profile(an augmented identity is preferred) 1020, (c) authenticating a seconduser 1000A, (d) understanding a second user's profile (an augmentedidentity is preferred) 1020A, (e) determining a first user's location(real time is preferred) 1100, (f) determining a second user's location(real time is preferred) 1100A, (g) communicating and/or sharing with aplurality of users for a collective need (an augmented identity ispreferred) 1180, (h) determining users' locations (real time ispreferred) 1100B, (i) delivering a marketing material (e.g., acoupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) from a first userto a second user and/or users, seeking a marketing material (e.g., acoupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) 1160A, (j)developing a learning algorithm (e.g., a machine learning/iterativelearning-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in a software module 700)1300 from a plurality of users' activities, (k) utilizing a learningalgorithm 1320 and (o) re-iterating all previous steps from (a) to (k)in a loop cycle 1340.

A method of enabling an intelligent, location based and personalizedpeer-to-peer micro-loan transaction can be realized by comprising atleast the steps of: (a) authenticating a user 1000, (b) understanding afirst user's profile (an augmented identity is preferred) 1020, (c)authenticating a second user 1000A, (d) understanding a second user'sprofile (an augmented identity is preferred) 1020A, (e) determining afirst user's location (real time is preferred) 1100, (f) determining asecond user's location (real time is preferred) 1100A, (g) communicatingand/or sharing with a plurality of users for a collective need (anaugmented identity is preferred) 1180, (h) determining users' locations(real time is preferred) 1100B, (i) determining legal parameters of amicro-loan 1200, (j) agreeing on legal parameters of a micro-loan 1220,(k) establishing a security protocol between a first user and a seconduser and/or users, seeking a micro-loan 1240, (l) delivering amicro-loan from a first user to a second user and/or users, seeking amicro-loan 1160B, (m) developing a learning algorithm (e.g., a machinelearning/iterative learning-by-doing/natural learning in a softwaremodule 700) 1300 from a plurality of users' activities, (n) utilizing alearning algorithm 1320 and (o) re-iterating all previous steps from (a)to (n) in a loop cycle 1340.

A method of enabling an intelligent, location based and personalizedpeer-to-peer micro-content transaction can be realized by comprising atleast the steps of (a) authenticating a user 1000, (b) understanding afirst user's profile (an augmented identity is preferred) 1020, (c)authenticating a second user 1000A, (d) understanding a second user'sprofile (an augmented identity is preferred) 1020A, (e) determining afirst user's location (real time is preferred) 1100, (f) determining asecond user's location (real time is preferred) 1100A, (g) communicatingand/or sharing with a plurality of users for a collective need (anaugmented identity is preferred) 1080, (h) determining users' locations(real time is preferred) 1100B, (i) determining legal parameters of amicro-content transfer 1200 (j) agreeing on legal parameters of amicro-content transfer 1220, (k) establishing a security protocolbetween a first user and a second user and/or users, seeking amicro-content transfer 1240, (l) delivering a micro-content from a firstuser to a second user and/or users, seeking a micro-content 1160C, (m)developing a learning algorithm (e.g., a machine learning/iterativelearning-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in a software module 700)1300 from a plurality of users' activities, (n) utilizing a learningalgorithm 1320 and (o) re-iterating all previous steps from (a) to (n)in a loop cycle 1340.

FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart (configuration)enabling an intelligent, location based and personalized securecontact-less (proximity) Internet access authentication can be realizedby comprising at least the steps of: (a) authenticating a user 1000, (b)determining a first user's location (real time is preferred) 1100, (b)coming in proximity of a near-field enabledappliance/subsystem/system/terminal 1260, (c) authenticating the userfor an Internet 1280, (d) developing a learning algorithm (e.g., amachine learning/iterative learning-by-doing/natural learning algorithmin a software module 700) 1300 from a plurality of users' activities,(e) utilizing a learning algorithm 1320 and (f) re-iterating allprevious steps from (a) to (e) in a loop cycle 1340.

An intelligent software agent can also search an Internet automaticallyand recommend a user about a product/service/content based on a user'sinterests/preferences/patterns. An intelligence rendering softwarealgorithm in a software module 700, allows an intelligent subscribersubsystem 340 and an intelligent appliance 880 to adapt/learn/relearn auser's interests/preferences/patterns and thereby renderingintelligence.

For example, a bedroom clock connects/couples/interacts with anintelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and/or an intelligent appliance880, to automatically check on a traffic pattern/flight schedule via anInternet, before deciding whether to fiddle with an alarm time without ahuman input. A rechargeable toothbrush detects a cavity in the teeth, itsends a signal through its electrical wiring andconnects/couples/interacts with an intelligent subscriber subsystem 340and/or an intelligent appliance 880, automatically accesses a locationbased/assisted dentist's electronic appointment book for a consultationwithout a human input.

An intelligent appliance 880, can integrate a chemical/biological sensormodule (e.g., to monitor/measure a body temperature, % oxygen, a heartrhythm, a blood glucose concentration, a carbonyl sulfide gas emissiondue to a liver/lung disease and a bio-marker for a disease parameter)with a module specific software.

A Zinc Oxide nano-structure can detect many toxic chemicals. Also aquantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser (with an emission wavelength inmid-to-far infrared range) can detect a part per billion amount ofcarbonyl sulfide gas. A wavelength switching of a quantum cascadeDFB/DBR/DR laser can be achieved by temperature, utilizing a thin-filmresistor/heater, while electrically insulating a laser bias currentelectrode. Wavelength switching by temperature is a slow (about tenmilliseconds) thermal process. However, wavelength switching byelectrical currents on multiple segments of a quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DRlaser is a rapid (about one millisecond) process. A larger wavelengthtuning range (nm) can be achieved by an array (a monolithic array ispreferred) of multi-segment quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR lasers.Furthermore, a quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser can emit in terahertzwavelength (85 μm to 150 μm) range, where a metal has a highreflectivity. Thus a quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser is ideal for ametal detection (security).

A compact bio-marker-on-a-chip to monitor/measure a disease parametercan be constructed by analyzing a change in reflectance and/or a Ramanshift and/or surface electric current due to a disease-relatedbio-marker presence (with a specific antibody at about a picogram per mLconcentration) on a surface of a 2-D/3-D photonic crystal of dielectricmaterial. Confirmation of a bio-marker is not conclusive for anonset/presence of a disease. Identifications of many bio-markers arenecessary to predict an onset/presence of a disease. However, a 2-D/3-Dphotonic crystal of dielectric material, incident with amulti-wavelength (blue, green and red) light source can be utilized forsimultaneous identifications of many bio-markers of a disease. Amulti-wavelength (blue, green and red) light source can be constructedas follows: optically pumps different-sized photonic crystals, whereasthe photonic crystals can individually emit blue, green and red lightbased on their inherent sizes. An optical pump can be generated from anoptical emission by an electrical activation of semiconductorquantum-wells. Blue, green and red light can be multiplexed/combined togenerate a white light. A Raman shift, scattered by a bio-markerrequires an expensive high-performance laser. However, a Raman sensor(requires an inexpensive CD-laser and a wavelength tunable filter) canmonitor/measure a Raman shift due to a disease-related bio-markerpresence. A bio-marker molecule can induce a change in surface inducedelectric current when it binds to an atomically thin graphene surface(graphene's electronic sensitivity to biomolecular adsorption).

Furthermore, an array of graphene bio-sensors can detect manybio-markers of a disease-thus enabling a personalized ultra-compactdiagnostic module, which can be connected/coupled/interacted with anintelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and an intelligent appliance 880.

A biological lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a module that integrates a fewbio-analytical functions on a single chip to perform a point-of-caredisease diagnostics. A miniature biological lab-on-a-chip (LOC) modulemanufactured by Ostendum (www.ostendum.com) can be integrated (byinserting into an electro-mechanical cavity) with an intelligentappliance 880 to perform a point-of-care disease diagnostics reliably,quickly and economically. Such a lab result can be transmitted from anintelligent appliance 880 to a location based/assisted physician for aninterpretation without a human input. Furthermore, powered by anano-generator, Zinc Oxide nano-wire fabricated on GalliumNitride/Indium Gallium Nitride/Aluminum Gallium Nitride can be anano-light source (nano-LED) for a biological lab-on-a-chip.

Holographic images of a user's gene/protein can be stored in anintelligent appliance 880-thus a holographic image can enable aphysician/surgeon to design a personalized medical and/or a surgicaltreatment.

Many software modules, as discussed above can consume a significantelectrical power due to computational complexities. Alternatively, manysoftware modules can be processed at a secure remote/cloud server.Software modules can be embedded within an intelligent subscribersubsystem 340 and/or an intelligent appliance 880, if an electricalpower consumption and/or thermal management are feasible. An effectivethermal management is critical to construct a high-performanceintelligent appliance 880. Thermal resistance must be minimized at allmaterial interfaces and materials with closely matching thermalexpansion coefficients must be used.

Graphene can be viewed as a plane of carbon atoms extracted from agraphite crystal. Multiple-atomic layers of graphene are easier tofabricate than a single-atomic layer graphene and multiple-atomic layersof graphene retain thermal conductivity of a single-atomic layergraphene. Nano-scaled graphene heat pipe can be utilized to cool a hotspot within an intelligent appliance 880. For efficient thermalmanagement, a heat sink/heat spreader of graphene/diamond/aluminumnitride/copper/aluminum/silicon/material with closely matching thermalexpansion coefficients can be attached (e.g., to a processor module 760)by utilizing an interface heat transfer material (e.g., Indigo™www.enerdynesolutions.com). However, a significant (about ten times)heat transfer of a heat sink/heat spreader can be gained by creating anano-structured (e.g., Zinc Oxide nano-structures fabricated bymicro-reactor assisted nano-material deposition process) surface on aheat sink/heat spreader. Furthermore, micro-channels can be fabricatedby a laser machining method onto a heat sink/heat spreader for passiveair and/or active (air/liquid/micro-scale ion cloud) cooling.

A micro-scale ion cloud can be generated as follows: on one side ofgraphene based micro-channels is a carbon nano-tube (CNT) negativeelectrode, when a negative voltage is switched on, electrons jump from anegative electrode toward a positive electrode, colliding with airmolecules near a hot spot thus dissipating heat and producing amicro-scale cloud of positively charge ions. A micro-scale cloud ofpositively charge ions drifts towards a present negative electrode.However, before it reaches to present negative electrode, a voltage isswitched on to another negative electrode at a different position.Forward and reverse wind of a micro-scale cloud of positively chargeions (created by changing the positions of negative electrodes) can coola hot spot within an intelligent appliance 880. Alternatively, ahigh-efficiency nano-structured 50 A° thick Sb₂Te₃/10 A° thickBi₂Te₃-based thin-film super-lattices thermoelectric cooler(TEC)/micro-refrigerator (1 mm×3 mm) can also be utilized to cool a hotspot within an intelligent appliance 880. However, significantthermoelectric cooler (TEC)/micro-refrigerator efficiency can be gainedby fabricating a quantum wire/quantum dot, transitioning from atwo-dimensional super-lattice.

Furthermore an intelligent appliance 880 can be charged via a resonantelectro-magnetic inductive coupling energy transfer (within and/or toand/or from) without a physical wire.

The aluminum/magnesium alloys have small building blocks-callednano-crystal grains and crystal defects. Nano-crystal grains withcrystal defects are mechanically stronger than perfectaluminum/magnesium crystals. An intelligent appliance 880's outerpackage can be constructed from a nano-engineered aluminum/magnesiumalloy, a liquid Metal® alloy (www.liquidmetal.com), carbon-polymercomposite (carbon fiber embedded with a molten polymer injection mold)and magnesium metal. Furthermore, an antenna can be constructed from acarbon fiber embedded with a metal/conducting polymer.

FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram construction (configuration) ofconnections/couplings/interactions (via one or more or allelectrical/optical/radio/sensor/bio-sensor communication network(s))between an object(s) 720 with an intelligent subscriber subsystem(s) 340and an intelligent appliance(s) 880, utilizing an Internet protocolversion 6 (IPv6) and its subsequent versions. The context-awareness is(according to a user's situational context), personalized (tailored to auser's need), adaptive (change in response to a user' need) andanticipatory (can anticipate a user's desire).

An intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and an intelligent appliance 880are both context-ware (inferred from a user's past/present activities,extracted from a user's content/data and explicit in a user's profile)and sensor-aware (inferred from data/image/patterns from an object(s)).

FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram method flow-chart (configuration)enabling a task execution by a software agent. An incoming task iscommunicated from a communication channel 1360, to an incoming queuingelement 1380, to an execution manager 1400. An execution manager 1400gains information from (and also shares with) a transient knowledgeelement 1420 and a data base element 1600. An execution manager 1400further gains information from a permanent knowledge element 1440, whichcomprises an attribute element 1460 and a capability element 1480. Acapability element 1480 is connected to a task element 1500, which isfurther connected to a rule element 1520, a method element 1540 and aknowledge source element 1560. Executed/processed task from an executionmanager 1400, is communicated to an outgoing queuing task controller1580 to a communication channel 1360.

The above description is provided to illustrate only preferredembodiments of the present invention, however it is not intended to belimiting. Numerous variations and modifications within the scope of thepresent invention are possible.

I claim:
 1. An optical system, comprising: (a) a node configured with aremote node comprising: at least one single-mode optical fiber; (b) thenode configured with the remote node comprising: at least one opticalsubsystem, wherein the optical subsystem is selected from the groupconsisting of: a wavelength division multiplexer, a wavelength divisiondemultiplexer and a cyclic arrayed waveguide grating router; (c) thenode further comprising: a first optical subsystem and a second opticalsubsystem, wherein the first optical subsystem is configured fortransmission of more than one gigabit per second of optical signals,wherein the optical signals are selected from one or more wavelengths ofa first set of wavelengths, wherein the second optical subsystem isconfigured for reception of at least one gigabit per second of opticalsignals, wherein the optical signals are selected from one or morewavelengths of a second set of wavelengths, which are offsets inwavelengths with respect to the first set of wavelengths; (d) the remotenode comprising: a subscriber optical subsystem, wherein the subscriberoptical subsystem is configured for reception of more than one gigabitper second of optical signals, wherein the optical signals are selectedfrom one or more wavelengths of the first set of wavelengths, whereinthe subscriber optical subsystem is further configured for transmissionof at least one gigabit per second of optical signals, wherein theoptical signals are selected from one or more wavelengths of the secondset of wavelengths, which are offset in wavelengths with respect to thefirst set of wavelengths, wherein the transmission of optical signals isconfigured by an optical micro-subsystem in a looped arrangement at thesubscriber optical subsystem, wherein the optical micro-subsystem isconfigured for phase modulation, intensity modulation and amplificationof optical signals.
 2. The optical system according to claim 1, whereinthe optical system further comprises a local node.
 3. The optical systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the node further comprises a local node.4. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein the optical systemfurther comprises a transmission protocol, wherein the transmissionprotocol is selected from the group consisting of: a time divisionmultiplexing and a broadcast.
 5. The optical system according to claim1, wherein the optical system further comprises a reception protocol,wherein the reception protocol is selected from the group consisting of:a time division multiplexing and a broadcast.
 6. The optical systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the optical system further comprises anelectronic circuit module, wherein the electronic circuit module isselected from the group consisting of: a pilot-tone modulation circuit,a burst-mode circuit, a forward-error correction circuit and anelectronic dispersion compensation circuit.
 7. The optical systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the optical system further comprises anoptical module, wherein the optical module is selected from the groupconsisting of: a laser, a photodiode, a modulator, a demodulator, aphase-to-intensity converter, an optical amplifier, an optical powercombiner, an optical power decombiner, a wavelength combiner, awavelength decombiner, an arrayed waveguide grating router, a cyclicarrayed waveguide grating router, a space switch, an optical switch, anoptical circulator, an optical filter, an optical intensity attenuatorand a dispersion-compensated single-mode optical fiber.
 8. The opticalsystem according to claim 1, wherein the subscriber optical subsystemfurther comprises an optical amplifier module and an optical module,wherein the optical module is selected from the group consisting of: alaser, a phase modulator, an intensity modulator and an opticalintensity attenuator.
 9. The optical system according to claim 1,wherein the subscriber optical subsystem further comprises a photodiodemodule, an optical circulator and an optical filter.
 10. The opticalsystem according to claim 1, wherein the subscriber optical subsystemfurther comprises an internet address, an internet firewall, a spywareand an algorithm, wherein the algorithm is selected from the groupconsisting of: a user specified safety control algorithm, an in situ insitu diagnostics algorithm, a remote diagnostics algorithm and anauthentication algorithm.
 11. The optical system according to claim 1,wherein the subscriber optical subsystem further comprises a connectionmodule, wherein the connection module is selected from the groupconsisting of: an electrical wire, a radio module, an electro-magneticinduction module and a sensor module.
 12. The optical system accordingto claim 11, wherein the radio module is selected from the groupconsisting of: an ultra-wideband module, a millimeter wave module, asoftware-defined radio module and a position module.
 13. The opticalsystem according to claim 12, wherein the position module is selectedfrom the group consisting of: a Bluetooth module, a Wi-Fi module, a GPSmodule and an electronic compass module.
 14. The optical systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the subscriber optical subsystem furthercomprises an electronic module, wherein the electronic module isselected from the group consisting of: a voice processing module, avideo compression module, a content over-IP module, a video conferenceover-IP module, a 3D video conference over-IP module, a voice-to-textmodule and a text-to-voice module.
 15. The optical system according toclaim 1, wherein the subscriber optical subsystem further comprises analgorithm, wherein the algorithm is selected from the group consistingof: a voice processing algorithm, a video compression algorithm, acontent over-IP algorithm, a video conference over-IP algorithm, a 3Dvideo conference over-IP algorithm, a voice-to-text algorithm and atext-to-voice algorithm.
 16. The optical system according to claim 1,wherein the subscriber optical subsystem further comprises an electronicmodule, wherein the electronic module is selected from the groupconsisting of: a set top box, an internet connected set top box, apersonal video recorder, an internet connected personal video recorder,a personal server, an internet connected personal server, a time-shiftmodule, an internet connected time-shift module, a place-shift moduleand an internet connected place-shift module.
 17. The optical systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the subscriber optical subsystem furthercomprises an intelligence rendering algorithm.
 18. The optical systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the subscriber optical subsystem furthercomprises an algorithm with a software agent.
 19. The optical systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the subscriber optical system is furtherconfigured for context-awareness.
 20. The optical system according toclaim 1, wherein the subscriber optical subsystem is further configuredfor sensor-awareness.
 21. The optical system according to claim 1,wherein the subscriber optical subsystem is further configured with aconnection module, wherein the connection module is selected from thegroup consisting of: an electrical wire, a radio module, anelectro-magnetic induction module, a sensor module and a bio-sensormodule for a coupling with an object, wherein the object comprises apower source module and wherein the object further comprises a moduleselected from the group consisting of: a sensor module, a bio-sensormodule and a radio module.
 22. The optical system according to claim 1,wherein the subscriber optical subsystem is further configured with aconnection module, wherein the connection module is selected from thegroup consisting of: an electrical wire, a radio module, anelectro-magnetic induction module, a sensor module and a bio-sensormodule for a coupling with an appliance, wherein the appliance comprisesan IP address, an operating system algorithm, a processor module, amemory module, a display module, a microphone module, a camera module, aradio module and a power source module.
 23. The optical system accordingto claim 1, wherein the subscriber optical subsystem is furtherconfigured with connection module, wherein the connection module isselected from the group consisting of: an electrical wire, a radiomodule, an electro-magnetic induction module, a sensor module and abio-sensor module for a coupling to an appliance, wherein the appliancecomprises an IP address, an operating system algorithm, an intelligencerendering algorithm, a processor module, a memory module, a displaymodule, a microphone module, a camera module, a radio module and a powersource module.
 24. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein thesubscriber optical subsystem is further configured with connectionmodule, wherein the connection module is selected from the groupconsisting of: an electrical wire, a radio module, an electro-magneticinduction module, a sensor module and a bio-sensor module for a couplingto an appliance, wherein the appliance comprises IP address, anoperating system algorithm, an intelligence rendering algorithm, analgorithm with a software agent, a processor module, a memory module, adisplay module, a microphone module, a camera module, a radio module anda power source module.
 25. An optical system, comprising: (a) a nodeconfigured with a remote node comprising: at least one single-modeoptical fiber; (b) the node configured with the remote node comprising:at least one optical subsystem, wherein the optical subsystem isselected from the group consisting of: a wavelength divisionmultiplexer, a wavelength division demultiplexer and a cyclic arrayedwaveguide grating router; (c) the node further comprising: a firstoptical subsystem and a second optical subsystem, wherein the firstoptical subsystem is configured for at least one function, selected fromthe group consisting of: transmission of wavelength on-Demand,transmission of bandwidth on-Demand and transmission of serviceon-Demand, selected from one or more wavelengths of a first set ofwavelengths, wherein the transmission of wavelength on-Demand is furtherconfigured by at least one function, selected from the group consistingof: wavelength tuning, phase modulation and intensity modulation ofoptical signals, wherein the transmission of bandwidth on-Demand isfurther configured by at least one function, selected from the groupconsisting of: wavelength tuning, phase modulation and intensitymodulation of optical signals, wherein the transmission of serviceon-Demand is further configured by at least one function, selected fromthe group consisting of: wavelength tuning, phase modulation andintensity modulation of optical signals, and wherein the second opticalsubsystem is configured for reception of bandwidth, selected from one ormore wavelengths of a second set of wavelengths, which are offsets inwavelengths with respect to the first set of wavelengths; (d) the remotenode comprising: a subscriber optical subsystem, wherein the subscriberoptical subsystem is configured for at least one function, selected fromthe group consisting of: reception of wavelength on-Demand, reception ofbandwidth on-Demand and reception of service on-Demand, selected fromone or more wavelengths of the first set of wavelengths, wherein thesubscriber optical subsystem is further configured for transmission ofbandwidth, selected from one or more wavelengths of a second set ofwavelengths, which are offsets in wavelengths with respect to the firstset of wavelengths, wherein the subscriber optical subsystem is furtherconfigured for transmission of optical signals, selected from one ormore wavelengths of the second set of wavelengths, which are offsets inwavelengths with respect to the first set of wavelengths, wherein thetransmission of optical signals is configured by an opticalmicro-subsystem in a looped arrangement at the subscriber opticalsubsystem, wherein the optical micro-subsystem is configured for phasemodulation, intensity modulation and amplification of optical signals.